Directly below the proximal nail fold is a small area of living tissue called the matrix. The matrix is the most important part of the nail unit. The matrix produces cells that form the nail plateT. hese cells are much like those found in a shaft of hair.
The size and shape of the matrix determine the thickness and width of then ail plate. The wider the matrix area, the wider the nail plate. Therefore, the matrix of the thumb must be wider than the matrix area of the little finger. Also, longer matrices make thicker nail plates. A person who has naturally thin nail plates must have a very short matrix area. If the matrix becomes damaged in any way, the effects will be seen in the nail plate.
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